In the Quran, the prophets and righteous people as the instructors sometimes refuse to show what they are inside in order to explain religious concept or teach moral points. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to investigate and explain the interaction between the positive characters of the holy Quran and its comparison with the concept of “, persona”,in psychology. The research method is content analysis of the verses of the holy Quran about the social behaviors of the prophets with an emphasis on the behaviors of Abraham, Moses, Joseph and some of good people. In the first stage, the actions that superficially are incompatible with their inner identity are identified and classified in the explanatory categories which are: playacting as ignorant, to beat someone to frighten him, argument in opponent language, dissimulation, secrecy, withdrawal to ask someone’, s need and being patient upon reluctance to others. Then, these inconsistent actions are compared with the concept of “, persons”,in psychology. The result is that there is similarities and distinctions between actions of prophets and actions arising from persons in essence, goal, impact, benefit criterion and who gets benefit.

High gain Balun-low-noise-amplifier (LNA) is proposed for tuner of digital televisions (DTVs). The proposed Balun-LNA is based on CS-CG (common-source-common-gate) structure. To improve the isolasion and frequency response, Balun-LNA has cascode transistors before load resistors. Balun-LNA uses current-bleeding circuit to increasie transconductance of CS transistor, so that current-bleeding transistor has transconductance of N-1 times larger than transconductance of cascode transistor. Thereby, transconductance and current of CS transistor are increased N times, as N-1 times of current pass to current-bleeding transistor. Therefore current of CG and CS stages stay identical. Also, Balun-LNA employs a positive feedback to satisfy input impedance matching and CG transistor has higher transconductance. By increasing transconductance of CS and CG transistors, the proposed Balun-LNA achieves to high voltage gain. Accordingly, CG and CS tansistors have symmetrical currents and loads at the differential output of the proposed Balun-LNA. Symmetrical loads cause the balanced differential outputs. This proposed Balun-LNA is designed in 90-nm CMOS technology and covers the frequency range of 40 MHz to 1GHz. This Balun-LNA achieves the voltage gain of 22.6 dB, S11 of less than -10 dB and the Minimum NF of 5 dB. This Balun-LNA operates at the nominal supply voltage of 2.2v.

Spatial planning is a major governmental program defined by the distribution of population and activities within a territory. This research examines it from the perspective of ensuring the right to equal opportunity. It is argued that spatial justice fundamentally requires spatial planning to be defined using the principle of equal opportunity and the function of guaranteeing this right. Given that Afghanistan faces key spatial inequalities in both soft and hard infrastructure and that procedural rights concerning the equal distribution of population and activities across the territory have been violated, the government is obligated to ensure equal access to infrastructure through spatial planning. Additionally, to achieve spatial justice based on equal opportunity, positive actions must be taken. Since there are positive commitments associated with procedural and substantive rights, the government must design, approve, and implement these actions with neutrality and independence to ensure national unity, balanced development, human dignity, and loyalty to governance. Essentially, the function of spatial planning based on equal opportunity is aimed at guaranteeing the right to equal opportunity, highlighting the necessity and importance of this research. Furthermore, this study employs deductive and inductive approaches, predominantly using qualitative data analysis methods. The research aims to analyze and evaluate how spatial planning influences the assurance of equal opportunity through specific and positive actions within its framework.

The ethical actions are important because of the priority of the mission goal and their close relationship with social progress and development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identification and social analysis of these types of actions among the verses of revelation and it deals with the effect of ethical actions in the production of social capital in the process of progress based on religious teachings and answers these questions based on the Quranic teachings. What impact do ethical actions (behavior) have on the formation of social progress? How do moral actions generate social capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are the effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in the development of social interactions have been socially studied, analyzed and searched by using the inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving others, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with social supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togetherness, coherence and expansion of social interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes the production of social capital and its improvement and will lead to the density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

From the perspective of Quranic verses and hadiths, human actions exert influence on both their past and future deeds, as well as on those of others. These influences lay the groundwork for the annulment and alteration of one's own and others' actions, perpetuating and transforming both the virtuous and the sinful deeds. Understanding these impacts significantly contributes to the development of an Islamic lifestyle, characterized by behavioral patterns derived from the insight system and value system of Islam. Through the method of library research and employing a documented-analytical evaluation, this study delves into Quranic verses and hadiths that address the impacts and rulings of actions. The findings suggest that human actions that are carried out through free will, whether virtuous or sinful, not only involve psychological, physical, and social repercussions but also are subject to effects such as the nullification or invalidation of past good deeds or the concealment of past wrongdoings. Moreover, there is a transference of identical or similar actions, both virtuous and sinful, between individuals, along with the embodiment of human actions across various realms of existence, thereby paving the way for new impacts to unfold.

In this work we deal with actions of vector groupoid which is a new concept in the literature. After we give the definition of the action of a vector groupoid on a vector space, we obtain some results related to actions of vector groupoids. We also apply some characterizations of the category and groupoid theory to vector groupoids. As the second part of the work, we define the notion of a crossed module over a vector groupoid. Finally, we show that the category Vg of the vector groupoids is equivalent to the category CModVg of the crossed modules over a vector groupoid.